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A balcony can be a cat's favorite room, full of smells and moving leaves. It can also be the most dangerous part of an apartment if left open. The good news is that a few cheap fixes turn a death trap into a safe perch.
Cats are athletes and confident ones. They slip through gaps you would swear are too small, and a startled cat on a ledge is not thinking about footing. Assume your cat will test every weakness, because it will.
Mesh or netting rated for the job is the standard answer. Zip-tie it tight to the rails and balcony sides so there is no gap wide enough for a head. Check the bottom edge especially, where a cat can squeeze under a loose panel.
Permanent metal mesh lasts longer than plastic and survives weather and claws. If you rent, removable frames that clamp to the railing avoid damage disputes.
A chair next to the rail is a ladder to trouble. Keep climbable items away from the edge, or your safe balcony becomes a launch point. Plants are another trap: many balcony favorites are toxic to cats, so choose carefully or skip them.
Even a secured balcony is not a substitute for common sense. A screen door that locks the cat in while air flows through is the safest setup of all. Many owners use a cat-proofed enclosure they can leave open knowing the cat cannot reach the void.
Done right, the balcony becomes enrichment instead of risk. The cat gets the world, and you stop holding your breath every time it hops up.